Tutorial / Cram Notes
Azure Key Vault provides a centralized cloud service for storing application secrets and enabling controlled access to these credentials.
Getting Started with Azure Key Vault
- Sign in to the Azure Portal:
To create a Key Vault, you first need to have an Azure subscription and sign in to the Azure portal.
- Create a Key Vault:
On the Azure portal, navigate to ‘Create a resource’ > ‘Security + Identity’ > ‘Key Vault’. Fill out the basic settings:
- Name: A unique name for your Key Vault.
- Subscription: Select an Azure subscription.
- Resource Group: Create a new or use an existing resource group.
- Location: Choose the Azure region where your Key Vault will be hosted.
- Pricing tier: Choose between the Standard and Premium tiers based on your needs.
After configuring the basic settings, click ‘Review + create’ and then ‘Create’ to provision the Key Vault.
Access Policies and Permissions:
- Configure Access Policies:
Access policies determine who can manage keys, secrets, and certificates, and what kind of access they have.
- Open your Key Vault in the Azure portal.
- Under ‘Settings’, click ‘Access policies’.
- Click ‘Add Access Policy’, select the permissions you want to grant, and choose the principal (user, group, service principal, or managed identity) you want to grant access to.
- Click ‘Add’ to add the policy, and then ‘Save’ to apply the changes.
The following table illustrates an example of how access policy permissions are categorized:
Permission Type Operations Key Management create, import, update, delete, etc. Secret Management set, delete, backup, restore, etc. Certificate Management create, import, update, delete, etc. Storage Account Management get, list, update, delete, etc.
Secrets and Keys Management:
- Creating a Secret:
Secrets are often used to store sensitive data like passwords, API keys, or connection strings.
- Under your Key Vault settings, select ‘Secrets’.
- Click on ‘Generate/Import’.
- Provide the Name and Value for the secret.
- Click ‘Create’ to store the secret in your Key Vault.
- Creating a Key:
Keys can be cryptographic keys used for encryption and decryption operations, securing communication, and more.
- Under your Key Vault settings, select ‘Keys’.
- Click on ‘Generate/Import’.
- Choose an ‘Options’ for creating the key – ‘Generate’ to create a new key or ‘Import’ to import an existing one.
- Set the ‘Key type’ and ‘Key size’.
- Click ‘Create’ to provision the key.
Monitoring and Logging:
- Enable Azure Key Vault Logging:
Monitoring and logging are crucial for securing your Key Vault and ensuring compliance.
- Under your Key Vault settings, select ‘Diagnostics settings’.
- Click ‘Add diagnostic setting’.
- Enter a name for your setting, select the ‘Archive to a storage account’ option or the ‘Stream to an event hub’ option if needed, and check ‘AuditLogs’.
- Click ‘Save’ to enable logging.
These logs can be analyzed with Azure Monitor logs or integrated with Azure Sentinel for a comprehensive security information and event management (SIEM) solution.
Backup and Recovery:
- Performing Backups:
Backing up keys and secrets is vital to prevent data loss and support recovery scenarios.
- For backing up a key or a secret, navigate to the respective ‘Keys’ or ‘Secrets’ section in your Key Vault.
- Select the key or secret you wish to back up, then click on ‘Backup’.
- Choose where to save the backup file and confirm the backup operation.
Conclusion:
Managing an Azure Key Vault involves setting it up, configuring access policies, managing secrets and keys, enabling monitoring and logging, and ensuring that backups are in place. Understanding how to create and configure a Key Vault is vital for passing the AZ-500 Microsoft Azure Security Technologies exam and for implementing secure and compliant management of cryptographic materials in Azure.
Practice Test with Explanation
(True/False) Azure Key Vault requires keys to be imported or generated in HSMs for all operations.
- False
Explanation: Azure Key Vault can manage keys that are either software-protected or hardware-protected (HSMs). HSMs are an option for greater protection, but not a requirement for all operations.
(Single Select) What is the purpose of access policies in Azure Key Vault?
- A) To define the network access rules
- B) To define who has access to the Key Vault
- C) To encrypt data in the Key Vault
- D) To monitor the Key Vault usage
Answer: B) To define who has access to the Key Vault
Explanation: Access policies in Azure Key Vault define permissions for users and applications to perform operations within the Key Vault.
(True/False) Soft-delete feature in Azure Key Vault allows recovery of deleted keys, secrets, and certificates.
- True
Explanation: The soft-delete feature, when enabled, allows recovery of deleted keys, secrets, and certificates for a retention period before they are permanently deleted.
(Multiple Select) Which of the following can Azure Key Vault store?
- A) Encryption keys
- B) Passwords
- C) Connection strings
- D) Virtual machine images
Answer: A) Encryption keys, B) Passwords, C) Connection strings
Explanation: Azure Key Vault is designed to store encryption keys, secrets (such as passwords and connection strings), and certificates.
(True/False) Enabling Azure Key Vault’s purge protection makes it possible to immediately and irreversibly delete keys, secrets, and certificates.
- False
Explanation: Enabling purge protection means that items cannot be purged until the protection period has passed; it prevents immediate and irreversible deletion.
(Single Select) To automatically rotate secrets in Azure Key Vault, you would use:
- A) Managed identities
- B) Access policies
- C) Azure Policy
- D) Azure Automation or Azure Logic Apps
Answer: D) Azure Automation or Azure Logic Apps
Explanation: There isn’t a native feature within Azure Key Vault for secret rotation. Automated rotation needs to be handled by external services like Azure Automation or Logic Apps.
(Single Select) What does Azure Key Vault do by design to minimize the risk of data leakage?
- A) Encrypt data stored in the Vault by default
- B) Automatically deletes sensitive data every 30 days
- C) Provides a built-in firewall
- D) Backs up all keys and secrets offsite
Answer: A) Encrypt data stored in the Vault by default
Explanation: Azure Key Vault encrypts data such as secrets, keys, and certificates at rest by default to minimize the risk of data leakage.
(True/False) Azure Key Vault supports the import of existing keys in the JWK (JSON Web Key) format.
- True
Explanation: Azure Key Vault allows the import of keys in multiple formats, including JWK, to ensure that users can bring their keys from other systems.
(Single Select) If a Key Vault is deleted, how long does Azure retain the Key Vault data by default if soft-delete is enabled?
- A) 7 days
- B) 30 days
- C) 90 days
- D) 1 year
Answer: C) 90 days
Explanation: With the soft-delete feature enabled, Azure retains the deleted Key Vault data for a default retention period of 90 days.
(Multiple Select) What types of actions can be controlled by Key Vault access policies?
- A) Key management operations
- B) Secret management operations
- C) Certificate management operations
- D) Network configuration operations
Answer: A) Key management operations, B) Secret management operations, C) Certificate management operations
Explanation: Access policies in a Key Vault can grant permissions to perform key, secret, and certificate management operations, not network configurations.
(True/False) An Azure Key Vault can be accessed from any network location by default.
- True
Explanation: By default, there are no network restrictions on accessing Azure Key Vault. However, it is best practice to configure network rules such as firewalls and virtual network service endpoints to restrict access.
(Single Select) To monitor access to secrets in Azure Key Vault, which Azure service should you integrate with?
- A) Azure Monitor
- B) Azure Policy
- C) Azure Security Center
- D) Azure Active Directory
Answer: A) Azure Monitor
Explanation: Integrating Azure Key Vault with Azure Monitor allows you to capture logs and events for access monitoring, along with metric data for analysis and alerting.
Interview Questions
What is Azure Key Vault?
Azure Key Vault is a cloud-based service that allows customers to safeguard and manage cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates.
What is the purpose of Azure Key Vault?
Azure Key Vault enables customers to control and manage the keys and secrets used by their cloud applications and services.
What are the benefits of using Azure Key Vault?
Azure Key Vault provides a centralized location to store and manage cryptographic keys, secrets, and certificates. It helps customers comply with regulatory and compliance requirements. Azure Key Vault enables customers to manage their keys and secrets consistently across different cloud services and applications.
How does Azure Key Vault help protect data?
Azure Key Vault provides robust security and encryption features to protect the keys and secrets stored in the vault. Customers can control access to the keys and secrets using RBAC and Azure AD authentication. Azure Key Vault also provides auditing and logging features to monitor access and activity.
What is Defender for Key Vault?
Defender for Key Vault is a security service provided by Azure Security Center that enables customers to detect and respond to security threats targeting their Key Vault resources.
What are some of the security threats that Defender for Key Vault can help protect against?
Defender for Key Vault can help protect against a variety of threats, including malicious access, data exfiltration, and privilege escalation.
How does Defender for Key Vault work?
Defender for Key Vault uses machine learning and behavioral analysis to detect anomalous activity and potential threats in real-time. Customers can set up alert rules and automated responses to potential threats detected by Defender for Key Vault.
What is the process for enabling Defender for Key Vault?
To enable Defender for Key Vault, customers need to first enable Azure Security Center for their subscription. After enabling Azure Security Center, customers can then enable Defender for Key Vault in the Security Center portal.
How does Azure Key Vault integrate with other Azure services?
Azure Key Vault integrates with many Azure services, including Azure Virtual Machines, Azure App Service, and Azure Functions. Customers can use Azure Key Vault to securely store and manage the keys and secrets used by these services.
Can Azure Key Vault be used with non-Azure services?
Yes, Azure Key Vault can be used with non-Azure services and applications. Customers can access the keys and secrets stored in Azure Key Vault through APIs and SDKs.
What is a soft-delete in Azure Key Vault?
Soft-delete is a feature in Azure Key Vault that allows customers to recover deleted keys and secrets for a limited time period. Soft-delete is disabled by default and can be enabled in the Key Vault settings.
What is key rotation in Azure Key Vault?
Key rotation is the process of periodically generating new cryptographic keys to replace old ones. Key rotation helps maintain the security and integrity of the data and applications that use the keys.
What is secret versioning in Azure Key Vault?
Secret versioning is the process of creating multiple versions of the same secret in Azure Key Vault. Secret versioning allows customers to manage and track changes to their secrets over time.
How can customers monitor access to Azure Key Vault?
Customers can monitor access to Azure Key Vault using the Azure Key Vault diagnostic logs. The diagnostic logs provide information on who accessed the Key Vault, what actions they performed, and when the actions occurred.
How can customers ensure the availability and durability of their keys and secrets stored in Azure Key Vault?
Customers can ensure the availability and durability of their keys and secrets by using Azure Key Vault in conjunction with Azure Backup and Azure Site Recovery.
Great post on Azure Key Vault configuration! It really helped me with my AZ-500 exam prep.
The step-by-step guide was superb. Can anyone explain more about managing access policies in Key Vault?
I’m confused about the difference between soft delete and purge protection in Key Vault. Can someone clarify?
I found a typo in the blog post; it’s affecting readability.
I appreciate the detailed guide on configuring Key Vault firewalls and virtual networks. It was incredibly useful.
Can someone explain how to integrate Key Vault with Azure Functions for securely handling secrets?
The section on auditing Key Vault activities was very thorough. It gave me clear insights into how to monitor access and changes.
I think more examples on RBAC for Key Vault would be beneficial. Anyone has any resources?