describe at least one multi-stage model for team formation and development.

We often turn to the Tuckman’s stages of group development. This model, designed by psychologist Bruce Tuckman in 1965, offers a structured pathway from the time a team is assembled to when it can deliver results effectively and swiftly. This approach is particularly relevant for the Advanced Certified ScrumMaster (A-CSM) as it showcases the progression of a team’s dynamics at various stages, helping the ScrumMaster to guide the team through different developmental phases.

The Tuckman’s stages of group development model

This model comprises four main stages: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing. Later, Tuckman added a final stage called Adjourning. Let’s dissect each stage:

• Forming

  At this initial stage, team members are usually polite and positive, they fumble around for their roles, and are eager to understand the tasks at hand. The ScrumMaster, in the context of this phase, will have to assume a directing role and guide the group towards its objectives.

• Storming

  As team members begin to know more about one another, conflicts may arise over differences in work styles and ideas. As a ScrumMaster, your role here is critical. You will have to mediate conflicts and redirect negative energy into positive channels.

• Norming

  Eventually, team members start to resolve their differences, appreciate colleagues’ strengths, and respect your authority as a leader. This phase is marked by the development of mutual respect and unity within the group. The ScrumMaster’s role here is to foster the team’s spirit and establish processes that will enhance the team’s productivity.

• Performing

  By this stage, the team is clear about their roles, accountable, and highly focused on achieving the objectives. The ScrumMaster should facilitate the team’s progress by empowering them, providing feedback, and removing any hurdles that stand in the way.

• Adjourning

  This is also known as “Mourning,” it’s when the team disbands after meeting its goals. It can be a challenging phase, especially if team members formed a strong bond. The ScrumMaster should acknowledge the efforts of each member and celebrate the team’s success.

Here’s a table summarizing Tuckman’s stages of group development:

While Tuckman’s model is helpful, it’s also valuable to remember that not all teams follow these stages exactly. Some may skip a stage, go through another more than once, or find themselves in a stage in response to a change or new challenge. Therefore, as an Advanced Certified ScrumMaster, your role will be to identify the needs, challenges, and dynamics of your team and adapt your approach to best facilitate its growth and productivity.